1 00:00:11,090 --> 00:00:15,000 The fascinating world of plants I'm trying to discover... 2 00:00:15,069 --> 00:00:18,388 ...from the strangest to the most beautiful. 3 00:00:24,029 --> 00:00:26,893 A new era in the life of plants To reveal the size... 4 00:00:26,945 --> 00:00:31,209 ...today's latest I will use the technology. 5 00:00:34,970 --> 00:00:37,674 From where they first existed on land... 6 00:00:37,743 --> 00:00:40,715 ...to today's natural habitats I will follow their traces. 7 00:00:48,083 --> 00:00:50,589 And the things we often overlook... 8 00:00:50,648 --> 00:00:53,118 ...I discover a hidden world. 9 00:01:04,496 --> 00:01:08,624 From our time scale We will go to theirs. 10 00:01:14,204 --> 00:01:16,562 Survive in harsh conditions Some plants that can survive... 11 00:01:16,597 --> 00:01:20,666 ...extraordinary methods We will investigate. 12 00:01:22,820 --> 00:01:26,563 And we do all this In this unique place... 13 00:01:27,521 --> 00:01:30,889 ...literally a small closed We will do it in a place with a plant world. 14 00:01:33,213 --> 00:01:38,301 Kew Royal Botanical Gardens 15 00:01:44,584 --> 00:01:50,506 The Kingdom of Plants with David Attenborough Translation: SKurthan, 2014 16 00:01:56,720 --> 00:02:01,370 I plant plants all over the world I saw them growing in their natural habitat. 17 00:02:01,557 --> 00:02:02,991 But here at Kew, 18 00:02:03,130 --> 00:02:08,225 ...it won't be possible in nature It is possible to examine it carefully. 19 00:02:08,618 --> 00:02:12,856 Here, all known plant species Representing 90%... 20 00:02:12,925 --> 00:02:16,054 ...there are one or more types. 21 00:02:16,208 --> 00:02:18,293 So, just here... 22 00:02:18,464 --> 00:02:21,337 ...the entire plant kingdom You can review it. 23 00:02:21,405 --> 00:02:22,517 and more, 24 00:02:22,755 --> 00:02:24,601 Using ...�� size cameras, 25 00:02:24,635 --> 00:02:28,107 ...one of their most intimate secrets You can uncover some of them. 26 00:02:38,608 --> 00:02:42,118 Life in the Wet Zone 27 00:02:42,553 --> 00:02:44,985 Plants grow in very hot and heavy rainfall areas... 28 00:02:44,986 --> 00:02:48,815 ...they develop impressively. 29 00:02:49,354 --> 00:02:50,675 In the Wet Zone. 30 00:02:52,448 --> 00:02:57,088 So here's how plants first... 31 00:02:57,192 --> 00:03:01,484 ...the basis of all terrestrial life We can discover what they have become.. 32 00:03:04,583 --> 00:03:07,330 Rainforests... 33 00:03:07,434 --> 00:03:10,892 The world's face-off is just Even though they cover 2% of the 34 00:03:10,996 --> 00:03:14,333 ...50% of the species live here. 35 00:03:14,652 --> 00:03:17,032 And wet zone plants a lot of them... 36 00:03:17,067 --> 00:03:19,657 ...extraordinary survival They have strategies. 37 00:03:19,796 --> 00:03:23,445 And to examine them, here on the banks of the Thames... 38 00:03:23,446 --> 00:03:25,757 Kew rainforests were built. 39 00:03:30,629 --> 00:03:35,070 This is unlike anywhere else. A rainforest like no other. 40 00:03:35,739 --> 00:03:39,200 The Palm House was built in 1844. 41 00:03:39,718 --> 00:03:42,133 More than 200 tons of iron... 42 00:03:42,168 --> 00:03:45,580 ...and using 16,000 glass partitions. 43 00:03:49,578 --> 00:03:53,088 I've never seen a glass house of this size before. no one had ever built it. 44 00:03:53,140 --> 00:03:56,735 And to do this, architects in the shipbuilding industry... 45 00:03:56,851 --> 00:03:57,934 ...they applied the techniques used. 46 00:03:58,256 --> 00:04:00,741 Maybe this is the Palm House... 47 00:04:00,984 --> 00:04:04,356 ...why the hull of a ship He explains that it looks like. 48 00:04:06,337 --> 00:04:10,404 The purpose of construction was to explore the Victorian Period explorers... 49 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:13,102 ...from tropical forest adventures... 50 00:04:13,103 --> 00:04:15,501 ...to the plants they brought was to host. 51 00:04:18,160 --> 00:04:21,936 It was an engineering marvel of its time. 52 00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:29,823 And still, a botanical wonder. 53 00:04:34,129 --> 00:04:36,544 Most of the plants at the end of the house... 54 00:04:36,545 --> 00:04:37,675 ...kept in pots. 55 00:04:37,757 --> 00:04:40,616 This is from their Victorian Era It shows that they are staying. 56 00:04:41,016 --> 00:04:43,475 And this is definitely... 57 00:04:43,545 --> 00:04:46,203 ...the world's oldest potted plant. 58 00:04:46,310 --> 00:04:50,075 An 'Encephalartos altensteinii' 59 00:04:50,231 --> 00:04:54,440 ..and he came here in 1775. 60 00:05:00,773 --> 00:05:03,175 In the years when 'Altensteinii' arrived... 61 00:05:03,189 --> 00:05:07,106 ...her many other The wet belt plant also participated. 62 00:05:13,397 --> 00:05:17,481 Together, we create a unique global They form a rain forest... 63 00:05:17,509 --> 00:05:18,911 ...a living laboratory... 64 00:05:18,939 --> 00:05:22,272 Everywhere we look, rain forest plants in fascinating ways, 65 00:05:22,342 --> 00:05:26,758 ...acting together and in interaction We can watch and observe what they do. 66 00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:35,523 Conditions in this glass house, Wet Belt Near perfect for plants... 67 00:05:35,592 --> 00:05:36,754 ...hot, 68 00:05:36,892 --> 00:05:37,952 ...moist, 69 00:05:38,294 --> 00:05:39,593 ...�����plenty, 70 00:05:39,729 --> 00:05:42,823 ...and as a result, plants all year round... 71 00:05:42,978 --> 00:05:44,499 ...very quickly continues to grow. 72 00:05:50,722 --> 00:05:52,688 If you speed up time, 73 00:05:52,859 --> 00:05:55,765 ...plants reveal their true nature They begin to reveal it. 74 00:05:59,508 --> 00:06:02,586 They are just as you think They are not passive organisms. 75 00:06:02,790 --> 00:06:07,748 Definitely every one of them as animals They are aggressive, competitive creatures. 76 00:06:11,577 --> 00:06:15,236 As if he had thought about it, openness and elegance They are locked in the war. 77 00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:19,425 Flexing and blowing, 78 00:06:19,442 --> 00:06:23,322 ...to clear your way and move forward on your route They are like struggling barges. 79 00:06:28,484 --> 00:06:30,866 The vines and vines around them... 80 00:06:30,899 --> 00:06:35,665 ...to the branches or stems of other plants They strive to reach and move forward. 81 00:06:51,067 --> 00:06:54,315 Bamboos are a giant species of grass, 82 00:06:54,418 --> 00:06:57,153 ...the top of the forest To reach the strongest point... 83 00:06:57,187 --> 00:07:00,863 ...ability to race at extraordinary speeds They have the ability. 84 00:07:06,830 --> 00:07:10,214 They are the fastest growing of all plants. 85 00:07:14,453 --> 00:07:18,795 Some species in a single day They can grow one meter. 86 00:07:21,685 --> 00:07:23,702 And 30 meters tall... 87 00:07:23,804 --> 00:07:26,420 ...a nine-story office building high ones like, 88 00:07:26,505 --> 00:07:30,758 ...of the rainforests They can compete with the tallest trees. 89 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:48,284 For the sake of Wet Zone Plants The only resource they don't have to fight for... 90 00:07:48,336 --> 00:07:49,584 ...is water. 91 00:07:53,943 --> 00:07:54,747 Actually, 92 00:07:54,918 --> 00:07:57,549 ...in the rainforest To cope with heavy rain... 93 00:07:57,584 --> 00:08:01,739 ...some species have special ways. 94 00:08:08,492 --> 00:08:11,210 This is the 'Taro Plant'... 95 00:08:11,295 --> 00:08:14,441 ...and it has extraordinary leaves. 96 00:08:17,449 --> 00:08:20,389 What would happen if I poured some water on them? 97 00:08:27,501 --> 00:08:29,792 The water rolls and goes... 98 00:08:30,578 --> 00:08:33,279 ...the leaf is almost It stays without getting wet. 99 00:08:34,117 --> 00:08:35,483 The reason for this: the top of this leaf... 100 00:08:35,570 --> 00:08:39,844 ...holds water droplets in the air, very very small, microscopic... 101 00:08:39,963 --> 00:08:43,228 ...it is covered with structures. 102 00:08:44,237 --> 00:08:48,118 As a result, water is not only... 103 00:08:48,204 --> 00:08:51,229 About 2% touches the leaf surface. 104 00:08:51,571 --> 00:08:54,306 And the droplets are rolling, 105 00:08:54,460 --> 00:08:57,589 ...carrying dirt and bacteria on them... 106 00:08:57,777 --> 00:09:00,853 ...takes away everything. So, in effect, these leaves clean themselves. 107 00:09:09,830 --> 00:09:12,410 But some plants water... 108 00:09:12,530 --> 00:09:14,290 ...they use it in a different way. 109 00:09:15,094 --> 00:09:17,869 And they left the forest floor. 110 00:09:20,940 --> 00:09:23,197 A 'Pool Bromeliad', 111 00:09:23,334 --> 00:09:28,128 Without the need to spread on the ground to develop, 112 00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:34,941 ...he raises himself above the ground where there is plenty of water. A plant that anchors the cuttings somewhere. 113 00:09:35,489 --> 00:09:38,002 And this plant very high above the ground, 114 00:09:38,275 --> 00:09:42,283 ...gathering a different food He had to improve his technique. 115 00:09:42,583 --> 00:09:44,412 And it's quite different. 116 00:09:50,669 --> 00:09:53,190 They live in South America In the Rainforests... 117 00:09:53,392 --> 00:09:58,210 ...that makes them wet every day They collect some of the rain. 118 00:10:02,516 --> 00:10:04,858 rainwater, 119 00:10:04,994 --> 00:10:08,099 in the center of the leaves It accumulates in the large chamber. 120 00:10:13,885 --> 00:10:14,944 leaves plant, 121 00:10:15,013 --> 00:10:20,090 ...to make a watertight tank, They are tightly interlocked with each other. 122 00:10:22,312 --> 00:10:26,398 Some types can hold up to 50 liters of liquid. 123 00:10:28,467 --> 00:10:31,851 This water is only for the plant It is not for use... 124 00:10:32,125 --> 00:10:34,330 at the same time somewhere else... 125 00:10:34,483 --> 00:10:38,246 ...impossible to survive It also provides a home to many creatures. 126 00:10:40,895 --> 00:10:42,553 These little wolves, 127 00:10:42,655 --> 00:10:44,655 ...mosquito larvae. 128 00:10:47,117 --> 00:10:49,698 In nature, in these small pools... 129 00:10:49,767 --> 00:10:52,280 ...many different creatures can be found. 130 00:10:56,705 --> 00:11:00,159 This is a 'Ranitomeya imitator' 131 00:11:01,100 --> 00:11:04,330 from Peru A poisonous dart frog. 132 00:11:10,826 --> 00:11:12,895 The size of a thumbnail. 133 00:11:14,160 --> 00:11:18,020 The only monogamous amphibian in the world. 134 00:11:21,204 --> 00:11:25,871 Some individuals spend their entire lives - from large cap to adult - 135 00:11:25,922 --> 00:11:29,259 ...in these Bromeliad pools and they spend it around. 136 00:11:34,418 --> 00:11:35,957 And in the shadows, 137 00:11:36,179 --> 00:11:38,692 ...a pool like this is perfect for him provides a home. 138 00:11:41,461 --> 00:11:43,667 Relatively safe... 139 00:11:45,017 --> 00:11:47,769 ...and the food supply is ready. 140 00:11:49,257 --> 00:11:51,682 The benefit of the plant from the mechanism... 141 00:11:51,736 --> 00:11:54,743 ...produced by its tenant provided by the stool... 142 00:11:54,864 --> 00:11:57,668 ...is nutritious fertilizer. 143 00:12:02,471 --> 00:12:05,142 Bromeliads and the frogs that live with them... 144 00:12:05,275 --> 00:12:08,591 ...of the rainforests happening inside... 145 00:12:08,625 --> 00:12:11,134 ...to complex relationships It is just an example. 146 00:12:14,890 --> 00:12:16,547 In tropical forests, 147 00:12:16,582 --> 00:12:19,112 ...the life of every living creature, 148 00:12:19,146 --> 00:12:20,855 ...whether animal or plant, 149 00:12:21,077 --> 00:12:23,248 ...very close are entangled with each other. 150 00:12:25,540 --> 00:12:27,386 This complex web of life... 151 00:12:27,575 --> 00:12:30,856 ...evolved over millions of years. 152 00:12:33,554 --> 00:12:34,922 Throughout history, 153 00:12:35,229 --> 00:12:38,545 ...rainforests, for plants... 154 00:12:38,716 --> 00:12:41,862 ...the other tough tough on the planet It became a shelter against the circumstances. 155 00:12:42,137 --> 00:12:43,643 So, in the rainforest, 156 00:12:43,710 --> 00:12:46,717 ...some very old plant families can be found. 157 00:12:47,316 --> 00:12:50,872 This Cycad, for example, is definitely... 158 00:12:51,008 --> 00:12:54,821 ...food for dinosaurs He comes from a solid family. 159 00:13:06,754 --> 00:13:09,677 But like rainforests In a rich environment... 160 00:13:09,882 --> 00:13:12,855 ...historical plants like these plants... 161 00:13:12,958 --> 00:13:14,565 ...you can also find it here. 162 00:13:27,627 --> 00:13:31,250 The first slimy thread-like moss... 163 00:13:31,405 --> 00:13:33,405 ...wet, muddy river and on the edge of the swamps... 164 00:13:33,438 --> 00:13:36,123 ...semi-aquatic It emerged as. 165 00:13:43,060 --> 00:13:45,372 About 40 million years later, 166 00:13:45,581 --> 00:13:48,054 A set of advanced, waterproof shells... 167 00:13:48,123 --> 00:13:52,538 ...on damp ground It enabled them to spread. 168 00:13:58,655 --> 00:14:04,773 These were mosses and sheepworts. 169 00:14:16,596 --> 00:14:20,217 Then again, these plants some of his grandchildren... 170 00:14:20,234 --> 00:14:21,833 ...their bodies have developed... 171 00:14:21,902 --> 00:14:23,935 ...so they managed to stand upright... 172 00:14:23,953 --> 00:14:26,247 ...and they reached it. 173 00:14:28,333 --> 00:14:30,801 They were ferns and horsetails. 174 00:14:40,973 --> 00:14:43,214 This much greening of the earth... 175 00:14:43,249 --> 00:14:45,369 ...changed the course of life. 176 00:14:45,527 --> 00:14:48,139 Permanent effects outside of water in animals... 177 00:14:48,191 --> 00:14:50,363 ...followed the plants in life. 178 00:15:00,357 --> 00:15:02,268 Spread across the earth... 179 00:15:02,447 --> 00:15:05,732 ...the leaves of the plants pump out oxygen. 180 00:15:06,045 --> 00:15:07,887 So from the beginning, 181 00:15:08,130 --> 00:15:10,824 ...land animals depended on plants. 182 00:15:11,137 --> 00:15:12,580 Not just for food, 183 00:15:12,632 --> 00:15:15,135 ...for more air to breathe. 184 00:15:18,980 --> 00:15:22,212 The primary challenge for plants in their new environment... 185 00:15:22,265 --> 00:15:23,951 ...it happened. 186 00:15:25,706 --> 00:15:28,244 If they reproduced only from seeds, 187 00:15:28,383 --> 00:15:29,957 ...necessarily one pollen and another... 188 00:15:29,974 --> 00:15:33,567 ...the egg of my offspring To fertilize her, she had to reach him. 189 00:15:35,913 --> 00:15:38,903 Conifers - pine, yew and fir - 190 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:41,370 ...as it is today, They used wind for this. 191 00:15:44,186 --> 00:15:46,799 They are little more than a particle of dust. the bigger one... 192 00:15:46,815 --> 00:15:49,631 ...the pollen they produce in large numbers... 193 00:15:49,735 --> 00:15:53,003 ...hundreds of kilometers with the wind It could be moved beyond. 194 00:15:55,175 --> 00:15:57,000 This technique is successful... 195 00:15:57,052 --> 00:15:58,703 ...but it was very wasteful. 196 00:16:00,603 --> 00:16:03,643 Only very few will reach the goal... 197 00:16:03,766 --> 00:16:06,460 ...pollen in large quantities It had to be produced. 198 00:16:12,021 --> 00:16:15,328 But then, about 140 million years ago, 199 00:16:15,833 --> 00:16:19,291 ...do this more efficiently A method has been developed to do this, 200 00:16:23,845 --> 00:16:25,547 ...flowers. 201 00:16:33,898 --> 00:16:36,377 How this happened takes a long time... 202 00:16:36,453 --> 00:16:39,120 ...for scientists It was a complete mystery. 203 00:16:40,241 --> 00:16:42,196 Including a big one... 204 00:16:43,256 --> 00:16:45,771 Charles Darwin... 205 00:16:45,832 --> 00:16:48,948 "a disgusting mystery" He was surprised by what he said. 206 00:16:49,539 --> 00:16:52,978 The age of dinosaurs, in less than half the time... 207 00:16:53,099 --> 00:17:00,433 ...flowering plants, suddenly, They produced a wide range of species. 208 00:17:00,902 --> 00:17:04,231 This is Darwin's evolution at its best. One of its main features is... 209 00:17:04,246 --> 00:17:05,473 ...slowly and gradually... 210 00:17:05,518 --> 00:17:08,443 ...contradicted the idea of there being a transaction. 211 00:17:09,276 --> 00:17:11,109 How could this happen? 212 00:17:12,337 --> 00:17:15,155 Darwin's question From the moment you asked, 213 00:17:15,240 --> 00:17:17,786 ...scientists have an answer They are making an effort to find it. 214 00:17:23,983 --> 00:17:25,619 New fossil findings, 215 00:17:25,634 --> 00:17:29,665 ...and today's modern DNA analysis... 216 00:17:29,781 --> 00:17:33,872 ...this fascinating period of genres It changed our understanding about it. 217 00:17:36,250 --> 00:17:38,129 Using this information, 218 00:17:38,205 --> 00:17:41,478 ...here scientists at Kew With the initiatives he pioneered... 219 00:17:41,614 --> 00:17:45,336 ...all of plant life... 220 00:17:45,442 --> 00:17:47,730 ...creating the family tree It has become possible. 221 00:17:55,831 --> 00:18:02,422 This starts with the simplest plants, algae, It is followed by algae. 222 00:18:06,128 --> 00:18:07,977 Thickening in each rising group... 223 00:18:07,992 --> 00:18:12,689 ...the number of species in the branch It shows that it is increasing. 224 00:18:17,598 --> 00:18:20,532 In the first half of the plant's evolutionary history, 225 00:18:20,593 --> 00:18:24,684 ...all branches of plant life, It developed more or less equally. 226 00:18:29,366 --> 00:18:32,881 But then, 140 million years ago, 227 00:18:33,063 --> 00:18:36,285 ...there was an exaggerated explosion in genres. 228 00:18:36,290 --> 00:18:37,709 Darwin's mystery. 229 00:18:46,709 --> 00:18:52,522 These are 'angiosperm plants', In other words, they were flowering plants. 230 00:18:56,885 --> 00:19:00,173 Their evolution is faster than Darwin thought. it had become slower, 231 00:19:00,249 --> 00:19:01,687 But without a doubt... 232 00:19:01,749 --> 00:19:05,668 ...angiosperm plants They quickly became the dominant group. 233 00:19:11,471 --> 00:19:15,047 Their species showed great diversification, 234 00:19:15,168 --> 00:19:20,132 ...and almost everywhere on earth They have invaded every known habitat. 235 00:19:22,648 --> 00:19:26,420 But this exaggerated development What was the incentive? 236 00:19:27,981 --> 00:19:31,860 Two coincidences caused this :) 237 00:19:32,385 --> 00:19:36,566 First, their genetic material doubling... 238 00:19:36,582 --> 00:19:41,097 ...after the plants have changed their environment allowed them to develop faster. 239 00:19:43,879 --> 00:19:46,521 Secondly, it seems that 240 00:19:46,667 --> 00:19:51,743 ...between plants and animals It was a unique relationship development. 241 00:20:00,298 --> 00:20:02,420 This coincidental effect... 242 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:07,359 ...one of the first flowering plants to develop can be seen in one. 243 00:20:14,770 --> 00:20:17,202 This Water Lotus House, 244 00:20:17,203 --> 00:20:20,754 ...the hottest and most humid environment in Kew. 245 00:20:21,119 --> 00:20:29,774 The last botanical discovery in 1852 It was built for the 'Giant Amazon Water Lily'. 246 00:20:30,457 --> 00:20:34,419 Now, we are in February and The pond is almost empty. 247 00:20:34,663 --> 00:20:35,861 But in a few weeks, 248 00:20:35,897 --> 00:20:38,486 ...here all kinds of exotic Nilfer... 249 00:20:38,504 --> 00:20:39,789 ...will begin to germinate. 250 00:20:49,979 --> 00:20:52,499 The ancestors of today's water lilies, 251 00:20:52,517 --> 00:20:54,290 ...what we learn from fossils as far as... 252 00:20:54,411 --> 00:20:58,235 ...the first plants to produce flowers They were among them. 253 00:21:27,292 --> 00:21:30,281 Its bright stone-leaves, that is, its flowers, leaves that have undergone changes... 254 00:21:30,368 --> 00:21:34,035 ...a tool for flying insects progress had caused. 255 00:21:34,313 --> 00:21:38,132 They are extremely nutritious It indicates the presence of pollen. 256 00:21:38,849 --> 00:21:41,681 The flower shape works like a primitive trap... 257 00:21:41,682 --> 00:21:44,150 ...makes the insects rub and urinate... 258 00:21:44,167 --> 00:21:47,544 ...blows to reproductive organs It forces him to hit. 259 00:21:48,569 --> 00:21:49,646 Thus, 260 00:21:49,664 --> 00:21:52,626 ...insects, the ones they visit... 261 00:21:52,631 --> 00:21:54,739 ...accidentally collected the pollen of the water lily... 262 00:21:54,774 --> 00:21:57,260 ...they transfer to the flowers of other water lilies. 263 00:21:58,180 --> 00:22:00,984 So thus, plants, insects... 264 00:22:01,053 --> 00:22:04,859 ...from another plant pollen coming directly from... 265 00:22:04,999 --> 00:22:07,919 ...they use it to move from door to door. 266 00:22:09,969 --> 00:22:14,319 The bottle of the giant Amazon Water Lily, It can be completely closed. 267 00:22:14,423 --> 00:22:17,378 So, a few of the insects imprisoned for hours... 268 00:22:17,431 --> 00:22:21,792 ...that dusting has occurred makes absolutely sure. 269 00:22:26,815 --> 00:22:30,071 Many different types of plants, 270 00:22:30,105 --> 00:22:32,815 ...insect transporters To attract them... 271 00:22:32,869 --> 00:22:35,249 ...unique flowers They continued to develop. 272 00:22:37,944 --> 00:22:39,872 For own services This competition that occurs... 273 00:22:39,925 --> 00:22:42,676 ...varied the flowers of the plants. 274 00:22:45,689 --> 00:22:49,493 Insects prefer shiny leaves. 275 00:22:51,195 --> 00:22:53,682 The flowers continue to emit more fragrance... 276 00:22:57,117 --> 00:22:59,741 ...and they began to contain sweet nectar. 277 00:23:04,847 --> 00:23:07,305 This kind of attractive appearance... 278 00:23:07,376 --> 00:23:09,729 ...on insects It had a huge impact. 279 00:23:16,209 --> 00:23:18,573 They also began to diversify. 280 00:23:18,603 --> 00:23:20,996 The increase in shape varieties is more... 281 00:23:20,997 --> 00:23:23,906 ...of potential bottle He could ensure that it could be harvested. 282 00:23:29,810 --> 00:23:33,401 Insects with big eyes, He could detect flowers... 283 00:23:36,972 --> 00:23:40,669 ...make them strong wings can carry between plants, 284 00:23:46,017 --> 00:23:50,729 ...and complex mouth parts, He could reach the deepest nectar. 285 00:24:01,709 --> 00:24:07,476 That is, plants and insects reciprocally They developed together for their own benefit. 286 00:24:11,461 --> 00:24:14,825 Rainforests participated in this partnership process... 287 00:24:14,885 --> 00:24:17,506 ...from any other natural habitat... 288 00:24:17,522 --> 00:24:19,431 ...has more. 289 00:24:21,789 --> 00:24:23,647 And here you can see that... 290 00:24:24,092 --> 00:24:28,638 Some plants attract insects to themselves They will do anything to attract it. 291 00:24:29,819 --> 00:24:32,880 For example, this is known as the 'Jade Vine'. 292 00:24:33,057 --> 00:24:37,511 But why is this extraordinary? In eye-catching blue-green color? 293 00:24:37,950 --> 00:24:40,738 Well, by us bats We know that it is fertilized. 294 00:24:40,844 --> 00:24:43,678 flowers hanging like this That's why it happens, 295 00:24:43,693 --> 00:24:46,572 ...so bats are quite It's easy, they can get them. 296 00:24:47,188 --> 00:24:48,591 And maybe... 297 00:24:48,834 --> 00:24:51,294 ...this color appears in the moonlight... 298 00:24:51,309 --> 00:24:54,415 ...for the bats It especially makes it stand out. 299 00:25:08,334 --> 00:25:09,910 When the bat comes, 300 00:25:10,001 --> 00:25:13,046 ...to get the honey inside the bottle... 301 00:25:13,304 --> 00:25:16,152 ...head here It suppresses so much that... 302 00:25:16,201 --> 00:25:22,177 ...this hook comes out, to the male-organ He pats it lightly and the pollen that comes out smears his back. 303 00:25:22,344 --> 00:25:23,889 The bat takes the pollen and walks away, 304 00:25:24,026 --> 00:25:26,995 ..that is, to fertilize another bottle. 305 00:25:31,077 --> 00:25:34,767 Each flowering plant species when they get close to animals... 306 00:25:34,785 --> 00:25:39,626 ...what happened to them It has a unique evolutionary story. 307 00:25:41,684 --> 00:25:44,235 However, a family of flowering plants... 308 00:25:44,389 --> 00:25:48,928 ...I love this relationship more than any other. It has developed in complex ways. 309 00:25:49,864 --> 00:25:51,030 And while doing this, 310 00:25:51,133 --> 00:25:55,351 ...the most crowded on the planet and has become diverse. 311 00:25:59,855 --> 00:26:05,393 There are an estimated 25,000 species of orchids. 312 00:26:13,602 --> 00:26:17,791 Charles Darwin's birth to this family He had a special admiration. 313 00:26:17,823 --> 00:26:21,961 From his letters, kept here at Kew As one put it. 314 00:26:23,337 --> 00:26:23,978 He says, 315 00:26:24,145 --> 00:26:28,504 "I am very interested in Catasetum", 316 00:26:28,632 --> 00:26:29,799 - This is an orchid. 317 00:26:30,151 --> 00:26:33,833 “And there really are a lot of exotic orchids. 318 00:26:33,918 --> 00:26:39,509 "Orchids, nothing in my life "It interests me more than it does." 319 00:26:40,267 --> 00:26:41,585 Charles Darwin. 320 00:26:46,070 --> 00:26:49,023 One species of these incredible plants... 321 00:26:49,085 --> 00:26:53,064 In the field outside Kew It can also be seen that it is developing. 322 00:26:57,746 --> 00:27:01,701 Orchids are extraordinary plants in many ways. 323 00:27:01,867 --> 00:27:03,140 But one of them... 324 00:27:03,277 --> 00:27:06,953 ...the lower lip of the 'flower'... 325 00:27:07,029 --> 00:27:10,241 ...a particular sequence of a gene It is controlled by. 326 00:27:10,574 --> 00:27:14,938 So this means that while the rock leaf remains the same, Your shape and color... 327 00:27:15,105 --> 00:27:18,544 ...can develop slowly and It means it can change. 328 00:27:20,463 --> 00:27:22,690 This little orchid The lower lip of the bottle... 329 00:27:22,766 --> 00:27:26,478 ...it almost looks like a bee. 330 00:27:27,327 --> 00:27:30,584 And people think it's a kind of warning They thought it was... 331 00:27:30,660 --> 00:27:32,827 cows circling around While grazing, let their tongues wander... 332 00:27:32,872 --> 00:27:36,033 ...because they don't want it to sting They wouldn't eat this orchid. 333 00:27:36,094 --> 00:27:38,124 But now we know that this is not the case. 334 00:27:38,185 --> 00:27:42,624 This is an imitation of a female bee... 335 00:27:42,791 --> 00:27:45,680 Mistaking the bottle as a female, A male bee coming to mate... 336 00:27:45,740 --> 00:27:49,104 At that time it will ensure the fertilization of the bottle. 337 00:27:50,149 --> 00:27:51,998 How do we know this is true? 338 00:27:52,165 --> 00:28:00,149 Because, this little flower, To attract a male bee.. 339 00:28:00,311 --> 00:28:02,538 exactly, i.e. 100% the same� It produces the scent of a female bee. 340 00:28:05,174 --> 00:28:07,779 This unique genetic makeup ability Orchids... 341 00:28:07,780 --> 00:28:12,265 ...almost unbelievably It led to its development in a complex way. 342 00:28:14,472 --> 00:28:17,775 And their complex and breeding in great diversity... 343 00:28:18,321 --> 00:28:19,760 ...happens in the Wet Zone. 344 00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:25,997 at Kew, 345 00:28:26,194 --> 00:28:29,876 They are grown at the Princess of Wales Greenhouse. 346 00:28:33,982 --> 00:28:37,740 In this part, conditions are perfect for them. 347 00:29:04,032 --> 00:29:06,244 Every orchid species... 348 00:29:06,365 --> 00:29:09,578 ...has its own unique shape and color. 349 00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:31,597 They are the difference between animals and plants. They represent the culmination of evolutionary cooperation. 350 00:29:48,950 --> 00:29:51,011 The most extraordinary ones, 351 00:29:51,102 --> 00:29:54,602 ...in extraordinary ways It has a relationship with a plant. 352 00:29:54,723 --> 00:29:58,102 However, if you have the right equipment A type of insect that has... 353 00:29:58,178 --> 00:30:00,102 ...could claim rights to its nectar. 354 00:30:07,430 --> 00:30:11,188 With a special kind of insect... 355 00:30:11,263 --> 00:30:13,385 ...a special kind of plant This relationship between... 356 00:30:13,551 --> 00:30:16,930 ...produces some extraordinary results. 357 00:30:17,500 --> 00:30:20,091 For example, this Darwin's favorite orchid... 358 00:30:20,167 --> 00:30:21,243 ...Catasetum. 359 00:30:25,197 --> 00:30:26,788 Unusually for orchids, 360 00:30:26,819 --> 00:30:30,137 ...some plants are male and others are female. 361 00:30:32,707 --> 00:30:34,783 This is a man. 362 00:30:37,647 --> 00:30:42,670 This plant is just one type of living thing It emits a scent to attract people. 363 00:30:42,701 --> 00:30:46,687 small, weak and A beautifully colored bee. 364 00:30:47,217 --> 00:30:51,444 The bee lands on the orchid's lips... 365 00:30:51,702 --> 00:30:56,429 ...and puts his head inside the bottle. 366 00:30:57,414 --> 00:30:59,439 And this touch triggers the plant... 367 00:31:00,863 --> 00:31:04,000 ...and this sticks to the bee's back... 368 00:31:04,076 --> 00:31:05,879 This extraordinary thing is actually... 369 00:31:05,894 --> 00:31:11,815 called "pollinia", It is a bundle of pollen grains. 370 00:31:12,585 --> 00:31:15,328 It has a small cover on it, 371 00:31:16,282 --> 00:31:18,813 Closed curves, It will be thrown away in an instant... 372 00:31:19,025 --> 00:31:20,978 and out... this is it... 373 00:31:21,025 --> 00:31:25,161 ...this little horseshoe shaped package, are pollen grains. 374 00:31:28,717 --> 00:31:32,004 High speed cameras show us what happened may indicate the triggering mechanism. 375 00:31:33,595 --> 00:31:37,156 Pollinia accelerates with great power... 376 00:31:39,469 --> 00:31:42,348 ...and this acceleration falls on the insect's back... 377 00:31:42,408 --> 00:31:44,272 ...makes it stick tightly. 378 00:31:46,226 --> 00:31:48,892 Ar� having installed one of these... 379 00:31:48,984 --> 00:31:50,317 ...it flies away. 380 00:31:50,393 --> 00:31:53,181 And maybe - never do this again I won't do it, he thinks. 381 00:31:53,251 --> 00:31:55,312 But again, quite different... 382 00:31:55,433 --> 00:31:57,615 ...looking is placed in a bottle. 383 00:31:57,691 --> 00:31:58,888 that is - to the female one - 384 00:31:59,161 --> 00:32:01,994 ...but to the one who produces the same scent. 385 00:32:02,539 --> 00:32:04,100 And his head... 386 00:32:04,342 --> 00:32:06,100 ...puts the tooth into the bottle. 387 00:32:06,170 --> 00:32:08,549 ...and this little pollen packet... 388 00:32:08,731 --> 00:32:12,913 ...putting a key into the hole in the lock As it fits, it fits the opening there... 389 00:32:13,140 --> 00:32:15,064 and attracts pollen... 390 00:32:15,413 --> 00:32:18,731 ...and the little wrinkles on his back leaves the package. 391 00:32:19,574 --> 00:32:21,226 And whatever you like... 392 00:32:21,589 --> 00:32:23,650 ...pollination has been achieved. 393 00:32:28,680 --> 00:32:31,241 Evolution has such a complex pollination... 394 00:32:31,256 --> 00:32:34,074 ...how to understand the mechanism It's hard to imagine that he could produce it. 395 00:32:38,281 --> 00:32:39,675 But an orchid... 396 00:32:39,842 --> 00:32:43,448 ...life story is very is more surprising. 397 00:32:46,054 --> 00:32:49,367 Many flowers, insects and other animals... 398 00:32:49,397 --> 00:32:53,988 ...to come and fertilize them They produce sweet nectar for 399 00:32:54,594 --> 00:32:57,458 But the orchid from Madagascar, 400 00:32:57,897 --> 00:32:59,427 Dried Star Orchid, 401 00:32:59,539 --> 00:33:00,791 Nectar is found at the back of the bottle... 402 00:33:00,792 --> 00:33:06,119 ...extremely long It is at the end of the spur. 403 00:33:12,271 --> 00:33:14,917 On earth, this long spur To reach the bottom... 404 00:33:14,932 --> 00:33:18,508 ...how long can a language be? 405 00:33:18,841 --> 00:33:22,023 Fertilization of orchids Charles Darwin, who worked on it... 406 00:33:22,099 --> 00:33:25,002 ...just trust this He decided that he could do it. 407 00:33:25,083 --> 00:33:27,068 But no one had seen this. 408 00:33:27,326 --> 00:33:30,053 A few years after his death... 409 00:33:30,215 --> 00:33:31,760 ...proven correct. 410 00:33:41,950 --> 00:33:46,474 This is 'Xanthopan Morganella praedicta' 411 00:33:47,947 --> 00:33:51,166 Morgan's Prophesied Sphinx Moth. 412 00:33:56,372 --> 00:33:58,493 special night vision cameras, 413 00:33:58,537 --> 00:34:02,856 ...why do you have such a long tongue? may indicate that it is necessary. 414 00:34:07,350 --> 00:34:09,998 This is one-third of a meter in length, 415 00:34:12,764 --> 00:34:17,446 ...exactly the spur at the bottom of the bottle Same length as . 416 00:34:37,538 --> 00:34:41,065 Orchids and pollinators The relationship between insects... 417 00:34:41,087 --> 00:34:43,538 ...definitely very close. 418 00:34:43,681 --> 00:34:47,879 However, flowers and butterflies This connection between... 419 00:34:47,912 --> 00:34:50,307 ...is more complex. 420 00:34:57,864 --> 00:34:59,919 This is Passiflora 421 00:35:00,073 --> 00:35:01,809 �arc�folk. 422 00:35:11,520 --> 00:35:12,662 like orchids, 423 00:35:12,729 --> 00:35:16,455 ...displaying bright colors It attracts pollinators. 424 00:35:22,913 --> 00:35:26,056 One of these is the Heliconiinae Butterfly. 425 00:35:28,484 --> 00:35:31,561 However, in this relationship, between insect and plant... 426 00:35:31,693 --> 00:35:34,195 ...there is no transaction without fraud. 427 00:35:35,118 --> 00:35:37,657 �Between the butterfly and the butterfly... 428 00:35:37,668 --> 00:35:40,635 ...that has been going on for millions of years... 429 00:35:40,657 --> 00:35:42,899 ...a game based on the superiority of a tataf. 430 00:35:46,082 --> 00:35:48,708 The butterfly doesn't just want nectar. 431 00:35:51,632 --> 00:35:54,697 However, she will lay her eggs. He also wants a place. 432 00:36:01,288 --> 00:36:03,397 Get the eggs out of them in a short time. Caterpillars will emerge... 433 00:36:03,430 --> 00:36:07,156 ...and quickly as soon as they came out They will want to eat something... 434 00:36:09,628 --> 00:36:11,738 ...pastorflower leaves. 435 00:36:18,647 --> 00:36:22,119 And your babies He has a huge appetite. 436 00:36:41,498 --> 00:36:44,893 However, some forces resist. 437 00:36:46,662 --> 00:36:49,904 They have developed a way to protect themselves. 438 00:36:52,563 --> 00:36:54,860 Poisonous leaves. 439 00:37:00,395 --> 00:37:03,703 But sometimes, even that One is not a sufficient defence. 440 00:37:08,128 --> 00:37:11,678 Some caterpillars only grow leaves Not only can he withstand its poison... 441 00:37:11,700 --> 00:37:14,194 ...they keep the poison in their bodies. 442 00:37:16,062 --> 00:37:19,425 And so this poison, to him against caterpillar predators... 443 00:37:19,458 --> 00:37:21,931 ...provides a defense. 444 00:37:30,389 --> 00:37:33,169 And the story doesn't even end there. 445 00:37:36,386 --> 00:37:40,968 The wheel of fortune is a second The defense line has further developed. 446 00:37:42,693 --> 00:37:47,265 Impression of a flock of butterflies It has leaves that give. 447 00:37:49,327 --> 00:37:51,031 By imitating the real ones, 448 00:37:51,064 --> 00:37:54,899 ...telling others that there is no room left to stay He might want to make you think. 449 00:38:00,214 --> 00:38:02,038 And in the details of its leaves, 450 00:38:02,049 --> 00:38:05,192 ...you may see something even more surprising. 451 00:38:07,049 --> 00:38:09,016 This species of passionflower... 452 00:38:09,126 --> 00:38:12,983 ...on the female butterflies from laying their eggs... 453 00:38:12,994 --> 00:38:15,566 ...has a special way of deterring. 454 00:38:17,035 --> 00:38:20,617 With these little yellow spots It imitates eggs. 455 00:38:20,705 --> 00:38:22,530 Therefore, female butterflies... 456 00:38:22,552 --> 00:38:25,892 - this leaf has already been used - they will think. 457 00:38:28,002 --> 00:38:30,639 And this one here is a different type of 'wheel of fortune'... 458 00:38:30,801 --> 00:38:32,405 ...does the same thing. 459 00:38:32,493 --> 00:38:34,900 But it imitates eggs in a different way. 460 00:38:35,131 --> 00:38:38,680 ...with tiny poles at the bottom of the leaf. 461 00:38:47,204 --> 00:38:51,281 The tactics of the "wheels", Plants deter raiding animals.. 462 00:38:51,292 --> 00:38:54,787 Some of the things they use for... It shows complex paths. 463 00:38:58,146 --> 00:39:02,550 However, some Wet Belt types They returned to a table. 464 00:39:07,575 --> 00:39:10,586 This bud will soon become a leaf. 465 00:39:14,628 --> 00:39:17,066 It's not an ordinary leaf. 466 00:39:22,684 --> 00:39:26,654 �special but nevertheless It has a more insidious purpose. 467 00:39:31,986 --> 00:39:34,216 This is a Nepenthes, 468 00:39:34,326 --> 00:39:35,777 Pitcher Plant. 469 00:39:40,543 --> 00:39:43,510 It grows in nutritionally poor soils. 470 00:39:43,587 --> 00:39:47,433 In other words, nitrogen and has to find minerals. 471 00:39:52,573 --> 00:39:54,858 A leaf like a flower, 472 00:39:55,023 --> 00:39:58,001 Beetles for a reward attracts to itself. 473 00:40:02,668 --> 00:40:04,745 Its jug is for flies looking for food... 474 00:40:04,773 --> 00:40:07,375 ...an irresistible... 475 00:40:07,426 --> 00:40:09,567 ...meat that eats It has color and smell. 476 00:40:11,632 --> 00:40:14,952 Visitors, under the lid of his jug... 477 00:40:14,978 --> 00:40:17,414 ...a secreted oil It is rewarded with substance. 478 00:40:21,328 --> 00:40:23,841 But the plant wants something in return. 479 00:40:24,866 --> 00:40:27,277 Not pollination, meat. 480 00:40:32,088 --> 00:40:33,665 The lips of the jug... 481 00:40:33,704 --> 00:40:37,140 ...covered with tiny slippery ridges. 482 00:40:44,101 --> 00:40:47,486 the oily substance on it It provides a slippery surface. 483 00:40:51,233 --> 00:40:53,490 hold on, even for a fly... 484 00:40:53,592 --> 00:40:55,016 ...it is extremely difficult. 485 00:41:05,609 --> 00:41:08,032 Once you get in, There is no escape. 486 00:41:13,058 --> 00:41:16,485 Leaf is full of digestive fluid It includes a pool. 487 00:41:20,665 --> 00:41:24,203 These microscopic elastic pheromones... 488 00:41:24,344 --> 00:41:27,075 ...here is the swamp It provides the feature. 489 00:41:28,053 --> 00:41:30,015 As the insect struggles more... 490 00:41:30,040 --> 00:41:31,912 ...it sinks deep. 491 00:41:34,105 --> 00:41:39,361 Enzymes, even if they are still alive It begins to dissolve the victim's body. 492 00:41:49,032 --> 00:41:52,570 Some jugs don't just contain insects. 493 00:41:52,993 --> 00:41:55,557 This mouse eats. 494 00:41:55,933 --> 00:41:59,869 Maybe the mice are on the cover comes for sweet nectar. 495 00:42:00,126 --> 00:42:01,241 They fall into it. 496 00:42:01,420 --> 00:42:03,561 They can't find a way to get out. 497 00:42:03,728 --> 00:42:04,920 They drown. 498 00:42:05,061 --> 00:42:08,728 Eventually the liquid containing enzymes... 499 00:42:08,950 --> 00:42:12,604 ...so that nothing is left behind dissolves the body, 500 00:42:12,706 --> 00:42:15,514 Maybe a little Ash and bone may remain. 501 00:42:21,762 --> 00:42:25,762 This jug is called 'Nepenthes lowii'. 502 00:42:30,236 --> 00:42:34,493 The mountains of Borneo are covered with forests He lives on the slopes. 503 00:42:35,108 --> 00:42:39,830 And there is perhaps the most extraordinary jug of all. 504 00:42:40,779 --> 00:42:45,599 The evidence is abundant It shows that it is attracted to the small mammal. 505 00:42:46,997 --> 00:42:52,215 There, secreted from under the lid, nectar, a type of body fluid.. 506 00:42:52,437 --> 00:42:55,347 ...and the little tree mouse It attracts itself. 507 00:42:59,860 --> 00:43:01,937 This interesting little animal... 508 00:43:02,039 --> 00:43:04,514 'Tupaia montana' 509 00:43:04,603 --> 00:43:06,838 Mountain Mouse. 510 00:43:08,261 --> 00:43:12,364 With these fruits and if he can find it It feeds on all kinds of insects. 511 00:43:14,671 --> 00:43:17,710 It also visits pitcher plants. 512 00:43:24,009 --> 00:43:28,073 Until recently, The reason was a mystery. 513 00:43:32,641 --> 00:43:36,346 These images show that the animal from the slippery death trap... 514 00:43:36,359 --> 00:43:39,577 ...find a way to escape It shows what you found. 515 00:43:42,064 --> 00:43:42,986 Moreover, 516 00:43:43,051 --> 00:43:46,756 It is fed from under the cover. 517 00:43:53,440 --> 00:43:58,081 This type of pitcher is used for dead animals They do not feed with their bodies. 518 00:43:58,312 --> 00:44:01,444 There is a different way to live. 519 00:44:03,226 --> 00:44:04,969 The tree mice They come to lick. 520 00:44:04,995 --> 00:44:06,072 Then, 521 00:44:06,136 --> 00:44:09,188 ...parties directly It rotates over the pitcher... 522 00:44:09,393 --> 00:44:12,085 ...so their droppings It falls directly into... 523 00:44:12,679 --> 00:44:17,333 And this provides nutrients to the plant. 524 00:44:21,781 --> 00:44:23,589 In fact, this nectar... 525 00:44:23,721 --> 00:44:26,555 ...contains a purgative and explains it below. forcing a mouse to defecate... 526 00:44:26,619 --> 00:44:30,247 It is claimed that it is used for... 527 00:44:54,524 --> 00:44:57,999 These abilities of rainforests... 528 00:44:58,050 --> 00:45:01,165 ...over time, animals and plants with its complex simultaneous evolution... 529 00:45:01,204 --> 00:45:05,012 ...developed to an unrivaled degree. 530 00:45:06,512 --> 00:45:08,229 But complexity, 531 00:45:08,294 --> 00:45:10,221 ...brings fragility. 532 00:45:12,772 --> 00:45:15,400 of rainforests in its complexity... 533 00:45:15,413 --> 00:45:18,144 ...every genre has its place. 534 00:45:21,391 --> 00:45:22,879 In recent years, 535 00:45:22,943 --> 00:45:26,879 The Wet Belt as a living laboratory Kew's unique position... 536 00:45:26,968 --> 00:45:29,712 ...than ever made it more important. 537 00:45:40,998 --> 00:45:45,242 Today, Kew's role This extends beyond 300 acres. 538 00:45:45,421 --> 00:45:47,344 And here people 539 00:45:47,408 --> 00:45:50,447 ...that is about to disappear completely extremely rare plants... 540 00:45:50,498 --> 00:45:52,438 ...is working to save it. 541 00:45:54,938 --> 00:45:57,617 The danger of losing a single species... 542 00:45:57,694 --> 00:46:00,605 ...it is taken very seriously indeed. 543 00:46:03,258 --> 00:46:05,134 Here, in the Lotus Room... 544 00:46:05,186 --> 00:46:07,711 ...experts hopelessly is on the verge of being forgotten, 545 00:46:07,763 --> 00:46:11,198 ...they are trying to save a species. 546 00:46:13,416 --> 00:46:16,314 Nestled among the giant water lily pads, 547 00:46:16,352 --> 00:46:19,789 ...tiny 'Nymphaea thermarum' 548 00:46:20,997 --> 00:46:23,305 Rwanda Water Lily. 549 00:46:23,626 --> 00:46:27,446 The smallest and rarest water lily in the world. 550 00:46:30,950 --> 00:46:32,467 Extinct in nature, 551 00:46:32,544 --> 00:46:35,181 ...this precious few individuals... 552 00:46:35,225 --> 00:46:38,445 ...some of the last remaining samples. 553 00:46:40,566 --> 00:46:46,683 These photos are from about 20 years ago It represents the only known habitat. 554 00:46:46,947 --> 00:46:49,617 A hot spring in Rwanda. 555 00:46:51,200 --> 00:46:53,958 Very recently, locals came here... 556 00:46:54,617 --> 00:46:58,672 ...to use for washing It disappeared when it started. 557 00:47:01,460 --> 00:47:04,251 A single specimen was brought to Europe. 558 00:47:04,328 --> 00:47:06,790 But it remained silent among other species. 559 00:47:08,955 --> 00:47:10,779 The seeds were germinated... 560 00:47:10,966 --> 00:47:13,119 ...but the seedlings always died. 561 00:47:16,039 --> 00:47:20,116 Then some seeds It was given to this man in Kew. 562 00:47:20,512 --> 00:47:22,281 Carlos Magdalena. 563 00:47:24,827 --> 00:47:27,849 "Plant Saving" in Spain Carlos, known as... 564 00:47:27,970 --> 00:47:30,322 ...in saving endangered species... 565 00:47:30,410 --> 00:47:33,036 ...is famous for his great skill. 566 00:47:36,333 --> 00:47:38,890 But this little plant almost... 567 00:47:38,912 --> 00:47:40,717 ...He even had Carlos killed. 568 00:47:44,176 --> 00:47:46,329 - I worked with many different saplings like this, 569 00:47:46,450 --> 00:47:47,791 - Nothing was working. 570 00:47:48,230 --> 00:47:51,516 - So, was this species about to be lost forever? 571 00:47:51,527 --> 00:47:53,952 - Absolutely, this was very worrying for me. 572 00:47:53,963 --> 00:47:56,919 - So, I was starting to become obsessed with him. 573 00:47:57,128 --> 00:47:59,018 - And, yes. 574 00:47:59,425 --> 00:48:02,051 - Yes, isn't it crazy? 575 00:48:02,205 --> 00:48:04,249 - What you can or cannot do something... 576 00:48:04,315 --> 00:48:06,612 ...difference for a species Knowing what to create. 577 00:48:11,982 --> 00:48:13,620 Carlos did not give up. 578 00:48:14,916 --> 00:48:17,905 He had some unique ideas. 579 00:48:19,726 --> 00:48:23,418 He tried to grow the lotus outside the water. 580 00:48:27,407 --> 00:48:30,067 - The idea of growing a water lily outside of water, 581 00:48:30,089 --> 00:48:34,265 ...a cactus in the water on the surface of a pond It's a crazy thing, like growing up. 582 00:48:34,448 --> 00:48:38,954 - Therefore within reason It was the last thing to do. But... 583 00:48:39,800 --> 00:48:41,281 - And here are the results. 584 00:48:42,250 --> 00:48:44,371 The idea that inspired Carlos: 585 00:48:44,382 --> 00:48:48,756 In the habitat of this plant was to take advantage of his strange behavior. 586 00:48:49,335 --> 00:48:52,742 Almost all other water lilies They only grow in deep water, 587 00:48:52,961 --> 00:48:55,247 But the springs of Rwanda from damp mud... 588 00:48:55,390 --> 00:48:57,423 ...it's just enough water to be a little deeper. 589 00:48:59,390 --> 00:49:02,533 And Carlos saw him on the water. by growing in pots... 590 00:49:02,639 --> 00:49:05,826 ...it imitated its natural habitat. 591 00:49:08,200 --> 00:49:09,925 In a few weeks, 592 00:49:10,013 --> 00:49:13,453 They had 50 samples, All of them are in bloom. 593 00:49:15,757 --> 00:49:17,779 So this is a very important moment... 594 00:49:17,801 --> 00:49:22,254 ...things go well and If what you do works... 595 00:49:22,765 --> 00:49:25,713 ...in a way, actually you also You will be saved. 596 00:49:25,768 --> 00:49:27,801 - If you don't have any ideas... 597 00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:31,578 ...these sacred species will last forever It will disappear until. 598 00:49:43,388 --> 00:49:46,498 This is absolutely fascinating. 599 00:49:47,377 --> 00:49:48,344 Very beautiful! 600 00:50:11,524 --> 00:50:14,821 There are many species... 601 00:50:14,931 --> 00:50:17,183 ...and many of them are magnificent in an environment... 602 00:50:17,260 --> 00:50:19,678 ...compared to others... 603 00:50:19,788 --> 00:50:24,268 ...dealing with just one problem It may seem like it's unimportant. 604 00:50:24,697 --> 00:50:27,015 But relationships in the rainforest... 605 00:50:27,026 --> 00:50:29,576 ...is very complex and very comprehensive. 606 00:50:29,730 --> 00:50:31,488 Just the loss of one... 607 00:50:31,576 --> 00:50:35,191 ...unpredictable consequences It can give rise to the sequence. 608 00:50:35,730 --> 00:50:37,521 The loss of a plant... 609 00:50:37,818 --> 00:50:39,616 ...could mean the loss of an insect. 610 00:50:39,957 --> 00:50:43,507 The loss of a bug is a It may mean loss of pollinator. 611 00:50:43,693 --> 00:50:47,858 His loss is with the plant. It means the loss of a feeding mammal. 612 00:50:48,188 --> 00:50:50,078 Nobody, if anyone leaves... 613 00:50:50,155 --> 00:50:53,393 ...can't say what will happen. 614 00:50:53,767 --> 00:50:54,910 But to me, 615 00:50:55,053 --> 00:50:57,294 ...in the first place this occurred prevent it from coming... 616 00:50:57,525 --> 00:51:00,097 ...absolutely the best thing to do It seems like a logical thing to do. 617 00:51:06,467 --> 00:51:10,588 The story of plants is wet It spreads much beyond the belt. 618 00:51:13,544 --> 00:51:18,379 They are almost everywhere on the planet It has evolved to invade every environment. 619 00:51:21,933 --> 00:51:25,240 In constantly changing regions They survive. 620 00:51:29,232 --> 00:51:33,330 Almost no rain They thrive in blind lands... 621 00:51:37,219 --> 00:51:39,232 ...and as we will discover, 622 00:51:39,437 --> 00:51:41,988 ...almost entirely ours out of our control... 623 00:51:42,001 --> 00:51:46,744 ...they follow their own life path. 624 00:51:51,545 --> 00:51:56,545 In all shootings at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew and other controlled environments, 3D film and advanced computer modeling techniques were used. 625 00:51:56,546 --> 00:51:57,546 Translation: SKurthan, 2014